Background

Report: “The Future of Truth and Misinformation Online,” Pew Research Center

White Paper: “The Disinformation Report” by New Knowledge

Report: The “Internet Research Agency (IRA) and Political Polarization,” by the Computational Propaganda Project at Oxford University & Graphika

Handbook: On Journalism and Disinformation,” by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Guide: The History of Fake News & Disinformation,” by the International Center for Journalists

White Paper: How Google Fights Misinformation, Google Blog

Report: “Weapons of Mass Distraction: Foreign State-Sponsored Disinformation in the Digital Age,”  Park Group, funded by the U.S. State Department

RECOMMENDATIONS

Report: “Democracy Under Threat: Risks and Solutions in the Era of of Disinformation and Data Monopoly,” by the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics of the Canadian Parliament

Report: European Commission Proposes EU-wide Code of Practice

Report: “The Oxygen of Amplification: Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators,” by Whitney Phillips, Data and Society

Report: “Principles and Policies to Counter Deceptive Digital Politics,” Maplight and Institute for the Future

Report: “Defending Democracy in the Cybersphere,” European Political Strategy Centre, European Commission

Report: Disinformation and ‘fake news’, Final Report, Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee of the UK Parliament